Coma Disease

Coma is a dangerous condition in which the patient remains unconscious for years. It causes a complete shutdown of consciousness without signs of mental life. Coma comes from a Greek word meaning deep sleep. However, it is in stark contrast to even deep sleep. Periods of sleep can be interrupted using external stimuli, and a person can fall asleep again. While in a coma, no irritation can bring the patient to consciousness and if the patient is not treated in time, a coma can be fatal.

Coma is not an independent disease. It manifests itself as a development of the underlying disease, trauma, or other factors that have caused disruptions in the parts of the brain and central nervous system.

The reasons

A variety of reasons can cause a coma, and the most common are the following:

  • infectious diseases of the brain,
  • hormonal imbalances and diseases associated with the hormonal system (diabetes),
  • decreased electrolytes and dehydration,
  • mechanical damage to the brain, trauma to the skull,
  • brain damage from lack of oxygen,
  • overdose of alcohol, drugs or certain medicinal substances,
  • electric shock
  • strong overheating,
  • stroke.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a coma can vary according to its stage.

Pre-Coma Symptoms: 

  • confusion of consciousness;
  • moderate stuntedness;
  • lethargy;
  • drowsiness;
  • mental states;
  • movement coordination disorder;
  • preserved reflexes;

Coma Symptoms:

  • sleep or stupor;
  • severe stuntedness;
  • inhibition of reactions;
  • inability to perform movements;
  • a patient may / may not swallow liquid food or water;
  • inability to make a turn while sleeping;
  • abnormal breathing;
  • hypothermia;

Treatment

Treatment must be carried out in a hospital setting, depending on the causes. Coma treatment consists of:

  • usage of drugs that promotes blood circulation and respiration, stop vomiting;
  • cleansing of blood;
  • anticonvulsants;
  • artificial ventilation of the lungs;
  • surgical intervention of a neurosurgeon;
  • a surgeon carries out surgical treatment (for head and neck injuries);
  • drugs that force diuresis (with intoxication);
  • usage of insulin or glucose (for diabetic coma);
  • the use of an antidote (in case of an overdose);
  • tracheal intubation;
  • antibiotic therapy;
  • the introduction of thiamine (with hypovitaminosis);

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